TROPICAL GLOSSARY (Courtesy:  National Hurricane Center, Miami, FL)


  • Tropical Depression:  An organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph or less.


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  • Tropical StormAn organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39-73 mph.


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  • HurricaneAn intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well-defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 kt) or higher.


    • A generic term for a low pressure system that generally forms in the tropics.  It is often accompanied by thunderstorms and, in the Northern Hemisphere, a counterclockwise circulation of winds near the earth's surface.

    • Names for Hurricanes for 2004 Season:  Alex, Bonnie, Charley, Danielle, Earl, Frances, Gaston, Hermine, Ivan, Jeanne, Karl, Lisa, Matthew, Nicole, Otto, Paula, Richard, Shary, Tomas, Virginie, Walter

      • Names alternate between male and female names

      • Names are recycled every 6 years unless retired due to substantial damage or death or for other special circumstances

      • Naming process adopted by an international committee in 1979


  • Storm Surge:  Water that is pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds swirling around the storm.


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  • Tornado:  Rotating, funnel-shaped clouds that appear from thunderstorms.

    • Tornado winds can reach 300 miles per hour. 

    • Tornadoes are most likely to occur in the right-front quadrant of the hurricane.  However, they are also often found elsewhere embedded in feeder bands, well away from the center of the hurricane.